While there may be a diverse range of dog breeds out there, almost all of them learn the same way - through outcomes. Reward-based training, also known as positive reinforcement or force-free training, allows you to use outcomes to your advantage.
Reward-based training methods are recommended by vets, dog behaviourists, and welfare organisations. Not only that, but the process is an enjoyable experience for both owner and dog.
So, let’s explore everything you need to know about nailing reward-based training.
What is reward-based training?
Simply put, reward-based training is all about rewarding your dog for behaviours you want to see more of while ignoring unwanted behaviours.
The key here is to avoid any form of punishment, such as scolding or trying to intimidate your dog when they behave in an undesirable manner. By redirecting or withholding rewards for unwanted behaviour and rewarding the behaviour you want to encourage, you can gradually guide your dog towards better habits.
Train before mealtimes, when your dog may be more motivated by food rewards. Just remember to factor training treats into their daily intake to avoid overfeeding.
Why it works
The reason reward-based training is so effective is that dogs will repeat behaviours that get them something good. So, if they’re getting a treat for sitting, staying by your side, or stopping their barking, they’ll be more likely to repeat those positive behaviours.
Positive reward training for dogs also helps build trust between dogs and their owners. This is essential to a healthy and respectful relationship in the long term. Older training philosophies, such as dominance theory, were based on flawed logic that owners had to assert their dominance as the “alpha” over their dog.
This dominance theory has been widely debunked, whereas reward-based training is supported by modern behavioural science, which shows that dogs are motivated by positive outcomes. So, you reward the behaviours you want to see while ignoring or redirecting the behaviours you don’t.
Choosing the right reward
Every dog has different preferences, so the most effective type of reward can vary. Some dogs are food-motivated while others may prefer toys, play, or active praise.
You’ll also want to consider the value of each reward. For example, using a simple dry food to reward basic actions (sitting, standing, etc.) while using small pieces of plain cooked chicken for more involved actions (not barking, heeling while walking, etc.).
It’s best to experiment with your dog to find which rewards really motivate them and then tier their value accordingly.
Setting your dog up to succeed
To give your dog the best chance with reward-based training, there are a few quick-fire fundamentals to cover. The first is to begin training in a low-distraction environment so it’s easier to keep your dog focused on you and your commands. Over time, as they become more capable, you can add more and more challenges to your training.
Second, break tasks into smaller, achievable steps early on. For example, teaching your dog to sit, wait and come when called can be broken into separate steps. Start with sitting and rewarding them. Then have them sit and wait while you walk away, then return and reward them.
Finally, have them sit and wait, then call them over to you and give them their reward. Breaking tasks down like this makes it much easier to achieve consistent results.
If you live with other people, make sure everyone uses the same cues and rewards behaviours consistently.
Common training mistakes to avoid
When using positive reinforcement training for dogs, there are a few common mistakes to avoid. Key among these are:
- Punishing unwanted behaviour instead of redirecting or managing it
- Inconsistent rewarding, such as sometimes treating your dog, but then sometimes not, for the same desired behaviour
- Training sessions that run too long - don’t overextend your dog. If they’re tired, finish up and let them rest
- Expecting too much, too soon - be patient and continuously drive behaviour through positive reinforcement and rewards
Remember that reward-based training isn’t about bribery - it’s about building a means of communication and positive reinforcement with your dog. And best of all, it’s something you can start practising today, even in short bursts that you build upon over time.
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